Many British cities possess a distinctive musical character but few have seen their rock’n'roll evolution shaped so profoundly by the prevailing political climate as Sheffield’s was during the early 1980s as the Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire took on the might of Thatcherite Whitehall.
And this clash was more than just the locking of horns between regional and central bureaucracies. For this ideological prize-fight took place in the shadow of the most significant industrial dispute most of us can remember.
If Sheffield and its council stood resolutely for the values of old Labour and staunchly against the free market strategies of the Conservative government, the battleground was not the corridors of power but the very heartland of blue collar production – the coalfields of the North, of Wales and Scotland.
The pits stood for a dying ideal: heavy industry as the lynchpin of British commercial muscle. But the UK’s first woman prime minister saw them as an over-subsidised hotbed of trade union militancy, a relic of the Industrial Revolution and an anachronism in the age of a white collar-dominated economy.
But the mines were more than just symbols of a successful past – they were also the fulcrum at the heart of hundreds of working class communities. They were a place to work, yes, but also the centre-piece of the villages, the working men’s clubs, the shops, the schools and churches that grew up around them. To kill the pit was to kill the very reason for those knots of human activity.
The fact that Sheffield was also home to the headquarters of the weighty National Union of Mineworkers, the fiefdom of their controversial yet charismatic leader Arthur Scargill, meant that the city – surrounded by collieries – became both the nerve centre for the battle of attrition that was played out during 1984/5 and also the core of the drama.
The musical output of these times was also significant – the Human League, Cabaret Voltaire and Heaven 17 all come to mind. But there were a number of less heralded acts who became embroiled, to a greater or a lesser degree, in the political machinations of the day. Clock DVA, Hula and Chakk, industrial funksters all, took the independent spirit of greater Sheffield and transported it to their recordings.
Meanwhile Pulp, in one of their early and many incarnations, came face to face with with the realities of the pit-head struggle. Guitarist and violinist Russell Senior recalls rushing to the NUM headquarters on the first day of the dispute and volunteering for action. The next months would see him play the role of flying picket as strikers attempted to persuade strike-breakers from going into work.
In neighbouring Nottinghamshire, the coalfield where miners snubbed the workplace walk-out because Scargill had failed to call a national ballot, tensions ran highest, as the second largest body of pit workers continued to toil throughout the year of the dispute.
These stories, both musical and political, are captured with great power in a new film that featured, at the weekend, at a conference in Leeds commemorating the 25th anniversary of the end of the Miners’ Strike. The Beat is the Law – Krushed by the Wheels of Industry, directed by the Dutch film-maker Eve Wood, is both arthouse celebration and gritty documentary account as rock culture meets the frontline of an extraordinary tussle for the soul of Britain.
Jarvis Cocker and Richard Hawley join a cast of dozens who speak articulately, with passion and with insight, about the stresses of the time but also the paradox that most musicians were wanting to run a mile from the steel and coal industries that had dominated South Yorkshire life for decades. As Nick Banks, Pulp drummer, comments and not without a certain irony: ‘The dole culture of Thatcher’s Britain was perhaps a great supporter of the arts’.
So, after computer games and MP3 downloads, interactive consoles and streamed tracks on tap, recorded music, the lifeblood of maybe three post-war generations, is about to get its final comeuppance. Mobile phone applications, it appears, will crush the CD by 2012 with around 50% more sales that year than our well-loved sound carrier. Where has the world got to, we may well wonder.
We could turn round and say that this has happened so many times before that the death of one format is just the preamble to a new one. In the 1890s, Edison fought Berliner when the new fangled disc took on the clunky old cylinder. ‘Mary had a little lamb’ sounded sweeter on the new version and the days of the original phonograph were strictly numbered. It was VHS v Betamax only in top hats and frock coats.
Traditional folks in the music publishing biz didn’t take too much notice. They thought they had the copper-bottomed system that would resist the new technologies. In 1892, just as the hardware wars were about to kick off, the tunesmiths of Tin Pan Alley chalked up their first million-selling piece of sheet music when ‘After the Ball’ by Chas K. Harris proved the hit of the decade. The fact that some of us will still know that song is patent testament to its amazing longevity.
Before long though even the sheet music salesmen would get rattled. By the time the 10″ shellac disc was the master of all it surveyed, it seemed that gramophone records had won the day. But the Wall Street Crash crushed the nascent record industry and it was only the jukebox – tens of millions of discs played in Wurlitzers and Nickelodeons at 5¢ a pop – kept a few survivors afloat.
Three companies were big enough to ride the Depression: RCA, EMI and Decca became the first firms dubbed majors as smaller ventures died by the hundred.
The war changed things in many ways. First, strikes by songwriters and musicians at the start of the 1940s over royalty payments and fees, opened the door to hundreds of composers who had been previously frozen out of the Broadway and Hollywood monopoly.
Blues writers and country singers, jump jivers and R&B rockers, jazzmen and Latinos, got a foot in the door and the middle of the road mellowness of Porter and Gershwin was challenged by the raw roughness of a dozen minority genres.
How did Little Walter and Muddy Waters, Ruth Brown and Big Joe Turner become household names – at least in hip households? Well, a new wave of independent labels – Atlantic and Chess and Modern – took on the big boys and by the 1950s, with their specialist knowledge of styles once at the margins, were scoring more hits than the fat cats in New York and LA.
But it was another format change, a product of war-time research that would really change the playing field. Vinyl, an offshoot of the lab work that invented plastic, was an amazing breakthrough for the smaller outfits. Shellac was so brittle it cost a fortune to distribute; a vinyl disc could be stuck in a cardboard envelope and posted to a hundred DJs – and arrive in one piece.
The 45rpm, seven inch record would be the other landmark change in the 1950s – the product again of boffins struggling with the problem of creating playback machines that would reproduce those tight grooves and offer listeners something approximating fidelity.
After that, format scraps became almost the norm – singles v albums, stereo v mono, cartridges v cassettes, CD v DAT, DCC v MD. But these head-to-headers were always about making music available to us. In many ways, the fan of rock or soul, pop or reggae, tended to be the ultimate winner as the business battled for our bucks.
But the news that phone apps are going to generate some $17b of trade in a couple of years time to only $13b for the CD is another flashing light that warns the existing majors – Universal and Sony, EMI and Warner – that the game is probably up.
The two biggest – Universal and Sony – have interests that go well beyond recorded music. Universal has internet concerns, Sony will probably cash in on the applications boom. But those two grand old names of popular music – EMI and Warner – with most of their eggs in one basket, look in real danger. A merger is mooted, as it has been several times over the last decade, but you can’t help feeling that the CD is almost dead in the water.
It saddens me because as I download this app and that app and then scour what else might interest me, I quickly run out of choices and options. Adding a Tesco Clubcard or a novelty spirit level on your iPhone just doesn’t have the buzz of picking up a new album from Blur or Oasis, Springsteen or Radiohead. Apps are set to be the new century winners but the land of musical entertainment is, I fear, going to turn into a pretty arid place.
To use the phrase deja vu in the opening sentence of a reflection on Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young runs the serious risk of incarceration by the cliche police but my odd experience of the last seven days or so might just win me parole.
In September 1974, not long out of school and two weeks before university, I joined around 75,000 others at the old Wembley stadium for one of the great bills of the decade, a pre-punk blast before the tables got turned over by Rotten, Strummer and their oiky ilk.
Not only did CSNY parade their headlining talents but the under-card was barely overshadowed. With the Band and Joni Mitchell the supports, only opener Jesse Colin Young looked like a make-weight, an after-thought, and even he was pretty hip for a couple of years around then.
But I would avoid such recklessly indulgent nostalgia, or at least keep it to myself, if it weren’t for a curious find on Amazon only last week. Looking for something else altogether, I spotted that there was now a DVD of that lost London extravaganza and, with a price tag of under a tenner, I could not resist.
CSN&Y ’74: A Long Long Time Ago – a gratingly clumsy nod to Crosby, I suppose – seemed to have a genuine stench of low-grade bootleg about it – no accreditation from a label you’d know, no reference to who had actually made the piece. But there it was, available online and, with haste, the purchase dropped through the letter-box.
Now, to load this verbatim account of a three-hour concert from getting on for 40 years ago, on to my computer, was a curious feeling indeed. A further over-used conceit all too quickly came to mind – here was a trip by time machine, no less.
Hardly surprisingly, I could not remember a single moment of the original occasion. Having bussed it to the capital from Manchester overnight and then taken a seat on the old football terraces, maybe around the half-way line, neither my head nor my location were well-placed to absorb any details of the action happening at one end of the huge ground.
This was a long afternoon and evening when that post-Woodstock vibe briefly revived in the early autumn, English sun and what went on on stage – noise, movement, announcements – was just an indistinct sideshow, a fleetingly colourful blur that may just have resembled a live gig of some variety, way off in the middle distance.
In those times before concerts utilised giant screens there was scant chance of you actually
being able to discern what was going on under the skies or under the lights. Yes, you’d know the songs – or most of them. But I had no idea, for example, that Joni Mitchell had joined the band for several of their performances.
So, to see a gig you’d been at for the first time, more than half a lifetime later, was both revelatory and disorientating. I was having an experience I assumed I would never have, rather like, to be slightly glib, the man who finds his 20/20 vision restored after seeing the world through astigmatic eyes until then.
And what of the DVD documentary? The credits, the context, are completely absent, so I’ve little of substance to share. It seems, though I cannot be sure, that Graham Nash was responsible for the film – though quite what that means when he was on stage for the virtually the whole gig, who can say? – but the group hated what they later saw and the piece was never, at least not until very recently, available in any format.
Were Crosby, Stosby and Nosby justified in their hyper-critical reaction to the footage. Well, to be fair, this is neither a classic rock’n'roll movie but nor is it a product without its rewards, particularly if you had any interest at the time in this now somewhat undersung supergroup, arguably the biggest of all American acts in their short heyday.
There are some hot moments – Stills turning his acoustic blues monster ‘Black Queen’ into a sub-Hendrix power trio bash and Neil Young singing a charming and, to me, unknown track called ‘Traces’, plus a blistering ‘Ohio’ to close when the war in Vietnam was still ongoing – and some ropey ones – a ragged and unconvincing ‘Carry On’.
But, if you’ll excuse the necessary subjectivity, for me, everything here was, in its way, fresh, fascinating and new: a small yet significant fragment of my personal story bizarrely restored if not quite to digital standards.
My musical tastes moved on rapidly after that though I still feel, like Kandia Crazy Horse as it happens, that Stills remains one of those unjustifiably sidelined rock gods whose work, with Buffalo Springfield, with this act, as a solo player and also as leader of Manassas, represented one of the most impressive surges of creativity over a period spanning less than ten years.
I was reminded, too, in the last month or so, of that wider LA scene, out of which CSNY and a remarkable generation of rockers and folkies and country stars emerged, as I almost salivated over a delicious coffee table tome that has just turned up entitled Canyon Dreams: The Magic and the Music of Laurel Canyon.
Written by that great raconteur of the pop epoch, Harvey Kubernik, it is a quite irresistible tour, in anecdote, interview and image, of the vibrant late 1960s/early 1970s scene when that quarter of Southern California was a veritable mecca of music, and the greatest US songwriting talents headed to the balm of the Sunshine State to share their melodies and their marijuana.
Canyon Dreams, published by Sterling at a ludricously low £20, actually spans a longer period, from the after-war rise of this scene to the post-Geffen & Roberts era, too, but its main focus is on a golden age of the Byrds and Joni Mitchell, Jackson Browne and the Eagles, of the Roxy and the Troubadour, and so much more.
In fact, this mouth-watering survey is an ideal companion to Barney Hoskyns’ 2005 tome, the more text-heavy but highly readable, Hotel California. Kubernik’s visual feast of album sleeves and archive photos, concert posters and period portraits perfectly complements that British journalist’s earlier tale when the lunatics not only took over the Asylum – they built it, too! – and, along the way, turned that confessional singer-songwriter style into a global phenomenon.
The death of J.D. – Jerome David – Salinger is sad in its way: the day that any great artistic figure switches off the light of life reminds us that even the mighty are only passing this way for a short time.
But Salinger had reached a towering age – 91 – and had spent most of his last six decades reclusively hidden away, obsessively avoiding the glare of interest that his books – certainly his debut novel – generated and, in the main, managing to remain a hidden, barely-known personality.
In an era when national or international publicity frequently accompanies the rise of nobodies with no identifiable talent, it seems almost other-worldly that a man who wanted to share his craft and his ideas – at least his fiction – should so want to shun the attention of critics, journalists, photographers, biographers, academics and certainly fans.
In fact, such privacy is a relic of another age. You could not seek publication today without some commitment to helping with the promotion of a new title. It would be unthinkable to assume that a text had genuine – or at least potential – value without the willingness of a would-be writer to at least accede to Oprah’s – or Richard and Judy’s, to be more parochial – cooings.
I know there are those who have turned down that huge US show but, along the way, it’s generated its own up-profiling stream: ‘The man or woman who said “no” to Winfrey’, a headline-seizing story in its own curious right. Doubt that Salinger ever thought literature would come to this.
But I do actually resent his isolationism: humans are human – they want to converse and debate and chatter and exchange ideas. Why should this individual deny the world some answers to questions – not invasive or scurrilous or voyeuristic questions, but ones that would genuinely interrogate the writer about his art and his talent, his creative approach and attitudes.
I also resent him in an irrational way for what his most notorious reader ever did. When Mark Chapman gunned down John Lennon outside the Dakota Hotel in Manhattan in December 1980, he carried with him not only a venomous desire to murder our greatest rock legend but also a copy of Salinger’s most widely-known work.
Had Chapman seen, in the adolescent resentments of Holden Caulfield, a model? Had Chapman cultivated bitterness of such a posionous kind based on seeds sown by the alienated and isolated literary protagonist whom Salinger launched on the world in 1951.
This may be a thought without plausible justification but I sort of feel that if Salinger hadn’t been such a determined and misanthropic hideaway then, somehow, Chapman might also not have become a gun-toting madman on that terrible night.
Maybe, just maybe, if Salinger had been more open, more forthcoming, had discussed the motivations behind Caulfield, explained the notions behind The Catcher in the Rye to a broader forum, perhaps if he had shared some of his analysis and intelligence instead of shielding himself away for all that time, possibly the disturbed Chapman would have understood the book – and life, too – just that fraction better and his criminal intent would not have expressed itself in that horrifically wasteful manner those 30 years ago.
The beleaguered land that was once a globe-spanning magazine empire could be about to receive the hypodermic boost that will get it back in the standing position during 2010. Both glossies – and even newspapers – hope they can benefit from the latest product to drop from the fruit-laden Apple tree.
The insider predictions are that the iPad – or tablet, or slate, there are various names being banded about as the pre-launch hype trails the January 27th unveiling – will forge relationships with some of the biggest names in print publishing and the association will lead to an ‘iTunes for magazines’, according to recent Guardian online reports.
Among those multi-media corporations who appear to have signed up to the project are Time Inc, Condé Nast, Hearst, Meredith and News Corp, all US-located businesses, though Time Warner does own IPC, home to New Musical Express and Uncut.
With Germany’s Bauer in possession of the other major UK popular music magazine titles – Kerrang!, Q and Mojo – maybe it will be some little while before this America-centred project spreads its wings across the Atlantic and boosts our key rock and pop publications over here, too.
But with promises in the US that the Top 50 best-selling magazines – from Vanity Fair to The New Yorker and even the New York Times apparently allying with the SF computer giant and joining the roster of would-be iPad publishers – could soon be online to digital readers, it seems unlikely that this bold venture won’t arrive in Europe in some form in the near future, as well.
Okay, so the digital book reader phenomenon has remained largely a Stateside feature, so far, but even that is gradually migrating to Britain with Amazon finally offering its Kindle product to UK customers, though still at a prohibitively high whack of $489 for the larger screen, $259 for the smaller.
Interestingly, while this gizmo is finally importable, the price remains in bucks rather than quids which suggests that the Kindle promotional push here is a somewhat half-hearted affair at present.
The cost of the new iPad is, of course, likely to be the biggest disincentive, at least at first, for potential buyers on this side of the pond. The US Apple launch seems sure to follow the usual pattern: slam a dollar price on the product – $1,000 is the expectation – and then unkindly convert that number to sterling for the Brits – a bit of an ouch at £1,000.
But, as with iPods and iBooks and iPhones, we’ll eventually see a slight fall in the price tag and all be swept along in the Apple cart no doubt. However, if this means that the collapsing news-stand is bolstered by a new raft of readers who buy their mags in the iTunes manner then supporters of print may see this latest tech trick as a vital lifeline to a floundering magazine marketplace.
Yet, to end on a note of warning, this idea may not be an instant saviour to the print industry. NME did launch a free digital version of its mag in early 2009, in league with media distributors John Menzies Digital. The short-term experiment was deemed uneconomic after only a few months so the iPad project may offer glimmers of light but few certainties.
The hope must be that Apple’s unwavering ability to produce irresistible objects of desire will be replicated here and turn young web-heads back to the notion that well-designed, well-written music magazines are actually worth investing in.
PS: Other news from the Jobs labs. Rumours abound that a product aimed at swashbuckling seafarers is in development. Thought to be an aid to pirates, buccaneers and others who may have lost eyes in sea battles, mutinies, aborted boarding raids or one-on-one cutlass duels, the iPatch, believed to aid both 3-D and peripheral vision, could be available as early as the late 15th Century.
The beleaguered land that was once a globe-spanning magazine empire could be about to receive the hypodermic boost that will get it back in the standing position during 2010. Both glossies and indeed newspapers hope they can benefit from the latest product to drop from the fruit-laden Apple tree.
The insider predictions are that the iPad – or tablet, or slate, there are various names being banded about as the pre-launch hype trails the January 27th unveiling – will forge relationships with some of the biggest names in print publishing and the association will lead to an ‘iTunes for magazines’, according to recent Guardian online reports.
Among those multi-media corporations who appear to have signed up to the project are Time Inc, Condé Nast, Hearst, Meredith and News Corp, all US-located businesses, though Time Warner does own IPC, home to New Musical Express and Uncut.
With Germany’s Bauer in possession of the other major UK popular music magazine titles – Kerrang!, Q and Mojo – maybe it will be some little while before this America-centred project spreads its wings across the Atlantic and boosts our key rock and pop publications over here, too.
But with promises in the US that the Top 50 best-selling magazines – from Vanity Fair to The New Yorker and even the New York Times apparently allying with the SF computer giant and joining the roster of would-be iPad publishers – could soon be online to digital readers, it seems unlikely that this bold venture won’t arrive in Europe in some form in the near future, as well.
Okay, so the digital book reader phenomenon has remained largely a Stateside feature, so far, but even that is gradually migrating to Britain with Amazon finally offering its Kindle product to UK customers, though still at a prohibitively high whack of $489 for the larger screen, $259 for the smaller.
Interestingly, while this gizmo is finally importable, the price remains in bucks rather than quids which suggests that the Kindle promotional push here is a somewhat half-hearted affair at present.
The cost of the new iPad is, of course, likely to be the biggest disincentive, at least at first, for potential buyers on this side of the pond. The US Apple launch seems sure to follow the usual pattern: slam a dollar price on the product – $1,000 is the expectation – and then unkindly convert that number to sterling for the Brits – a bit of an ouch at £1,000.
But, as with iPods and iBooks and iPhones, we’ll eventually see a slight fall in the price tag and all be swept along in the Apple cart no doubt. However, if this means that the collapsing news-stand is bolstered by a new raft of readers who buy their mags in the iTunes manner then supporters of print may see this latest tech trick as a vital lifeline to a floundering magazine marketplace.
Yet, to end on a note of warning, this idea may not be an instant saviour to the print industry. NME did launch a free digital version of its mag in early 2009, in league with media distributors John Menzies Digital. The short-term experiment was deemed uneconomic after only a few months so the iPad project may offer glimmers of light but few certainties.
The hope must be that Apple’s unwavering ability to produce irresistible objects of desire will be replicated here and turn young web-heads back to the notion that well-designed, well-written music magazines are actually worth investing in.
PS: Other news from the Jobs labs. Rumours abound that a product aimed at swashbuckling seafarers is in development. Thought to be an aid to pirates, buccaneers and others who may have lost eyes in sea battles, mutinies, aborted boarding raids or one-on-one cutlass duels, the iPatch, believed to aid both 3-D and peripheral vision, could be available as early as the late 15th Century.
It would not be outrageous to propose that the two greatest albums of the punk tsunami featured cover images by arguably the most important post-war US photographer. Robert Mapplethorpe was the snapper who wrapped both Patti Smith’s Horses and Television’s Marquee Moon in their distinctive sleeves.
True also that Mapplethorpe was part of that extraordinary, early 1970s, American circle that gathered in downtown Manhattan and whose members became such feted practitioners in a number of diverse artistic fields.
Smith emerged as the the most powerful rock’n’roll woman of all; Sam Shepard won his spurs as the dominating late-century playwright; Tom Verlaine’s guitar became a searing soundtrack within the blazing panoply of CBGBs; and Jim Carroll was regarded as the best of the poets to arise since the Beats of the Fifties.
The fact that Smith was a key romantic axle in this wheel of words, images and music makes the network all the more intriguing. Friend, flatmate, muse, lover or just leader of the pack? Whatever place Patti took in this tangled web of love, art and inspiration, this was hardly an example of a woman taking a ride to the top.
Rather here was an artist who was going to find her metier in one medium of another – actor, painter, poet, singer, journalist – and her remarkable, neo-Renaissance diversity saw her brush shoulders, and sometimes more, with the creme de la creme of the gutter avant garde.
The great, and the maybe not always so good, clearly raised temperatures beyond the heated confines of the Bowery bar and the Lower East Side club, the SoHo gallery and the off-off-Broadway cabaret.
But those images: that skinny and severe androgyne staring from the monochrome canvas of 1975’s stunning Horses; those manic-eyed beanpoles locked into the camera lens on Marquee Moon, a masterpiece from 1977. Shorn of Mapplethorpe’s snapshots, maybe the history of the new wave would have been a very different one.
In fact – let’s go back and let’s go further. Without the input of Mapplethorpe it is conceivable, just conceivable, that punk may never have happened at all. Crazy claim? Who was it who funded the first awesome record that Patti Smith recorded in 1974? That very same chum, that very same cameraman.
It is hard to know where and how punk would have found its fire, its fury, its frisson of despair without Smith’s ‘Piss Factory’. Against it, the proto-punk anthems of London – Dr Feelgood’s and Eddie and the Hot Rods’ sparky pub rock work-outs – would sound fraught and frenetic, yes, but hardly ready to change music forever.
The title itself breaks taboos but the rolling urgency of the piece is compelling, its terse poetry shining a blinding light on a tale of teen, production-line enslavement, brightened briefly by fleeting references to her musical loves – Stax, James Brown – and then leading to the most exilharating escape since Moses parted the waters. ‘I’m gonna to go to New York City…I’m gonna be a big star’. And she does.
Throw in the debut single’s other side, the re-working of Hendrix’s ‘Hey Joe’ with its manic mannerisms and references to Patty Hearst’s kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army and we enter a world of bizarre terror – the early days of global terrorism no less – in which the poor little rich girl, daughter of a gargantuan publishing empire, is wielding guns, and for real, on CCTV.
Mapplethorpe, beginning to climb the photography ladder, had a few hundred dollars to underwrite that recording session and, in so many ways, it pushed open a door. In New York, the Velvets were spent and the Dolls had imploded. But that funded 45 transformed Smith from a promising St Mark’s Poetry Project bard into a bonafide rock contender and ready to shake some serious action.
The Verlaine-driven Television debut was a rather different affair – longer tracks, extended solos and a gothic romanticism, thwacking the symbols when compared to Smith’s grittier street rap. With Richard Hell now departed, the band’s trash thrash had been modified, refined somewhat, and there was more virtuosity than you could shake a punk at.
But the eyes have it on the wrapper: four faces that have an alien gleam – shaggy, torn hair-cuts, lean, insect limbs, an unearthly light, suggest a night with the rocking dead rather than the new street corner gods. Louche, loud, jagged music then assaults you, yet played with the crisp attack, the competence and control of a Berklee jazz gang.
Charles Shaar Murray dug Horses like he loved the Stones at their best. Nick Kent praised Marquee Moon as if the Velvets had reformed and resurrected Jimi on axe patrol. Those glowing NME reviews that greeted these slivers of epoch-shaking magnitude woke us – and so many Americans, too – to the next phase in rock’s thrillingly erratic course.
But the Mapplethorpe portraits are as lasting as the musical contents: the amorphous and curious beauty of the woman who would prove that the intense poet and a monstrous backbeat were not mutually exclusive and a fierce quartet who would ensure that Television was literally on the radio, at least in the UK, for a thrilling year or two as the Seventies blazed towards its conclusion.
The man with the Polaroids would do more – plenty more. He would become the pictorial historian of Lower and Mid-Manhattan – capturing Burroughs, Warhol, Grace Jones and many others. Specialise in picture essays on the San Francisco S&M scene. Capture astonishing, no-holds-barred nudes: hunking black models framed in their homo-erotic immodesty. And then dead. Dead at 42. Of AIDS. In 1989.
For British followers of the justifiably mourned Mapplethorpe’s black and white odyssey, a fine selection of his work from several periods – including self-portraits and an alternative take of the Horses shot, too – can be enjoyed at Graves Gallery in Sheffield until March 27th, 2010. But for others: pick up the records again, stare hard at those powerful images and devour the music all over again.
Three years ago, I planned a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the publication of Jack Kerouac’s On the Road. It was due to take place in my working city of Leeds and in the University’s School of Music where I am based, a commemoration, in words and images, music and performance, of the arrival of this ground-breaking novel.
Among those who were slated to take part was the timeless and tireless Carolyn Cassady, a legendary figure herself in the story of the American Beat writers. But then I revealed that an unreleased movie simply titled Neal Cassady, a dramatic portrait of her husband, was to also form part of the programme.
Carolyn was very far from happy. In fact, she was quite disparaging of the new bio-pic, suggesting that if that screening remained in the schedule, she would have to seriously consider withdrawing from the event. For me, as organiser, the Sword of Damocles was briefly poised over my head.
Whatever the ins and outs of the matter – and, significantly, my event was maddeningly scuppered by a fire that ravaged my office just weeks before the celebration was due – there is no question that Neal Cassady remains a controversial and contested figure in the discourse of Beat history.
The reaction of his long-time partner was indicative that there is certainly no unanimity in the way we should make sense of this mercurial individual who, from his young life on the streets of Denver to his curious death by the tracks of a Mexican railroad, led an existence that was rich in experience, riddled with paradox, concluded in tragedy.
Lothario and tea-head, car-thief and raconteur, faithful friend and unfaithful partner, orphan and father, speed-king and spiritualist, literary inspiration and would-be novelist himself, Cassady is hero and villain, saint and sinner, toiling brakeman and reckless bum.
The fact that his fame – or infamy – stretched across some 20 years in the rise of the post-war cultural revolution and he was a principal player in the theatre of both Beat and hippie, from the late 1940s to the end of the Sixties, made him an iconic figure, a symbol of liberation in a world that was only just wriggling from the straitjacket of social conformity and sexual repression.
Cast as Dean Moriarty in On the Road, Cassady appeared on the page as a fast-talking, jazz-loving, ever-optimistic magician of the roads, a supreme master of the steering wheel, his childlike wonder at the possibilities before them balanced by his rapacious sexual marauding.
By the time the writer Ken Kesey employed him to be the driver of his travelling troupe on the bus dubbed Furthur, the line where the fictional character ended and the actual man began had been largely eroded by the mind-shaking effects of psychedelics and the harsh realities of jail after a set-up drugs bust.
Thus Cassady became a star of the emerging Beat fiction, as Kerouac immortalised him as free-wheeling wanderer and one of Norman Mailer’s ‘white negroes’, and then a guru to the hippies as the new journalism of Tom Wolfe recounted later, LSD-fuelled adventures in The Electric Kool Aid Acid Test, a book published in 1968, the same year that Neal met his end.
Next month, the city where Cassady grew up will pay tribute to one of its more interesting sons, when the premiere Annual Neal Cassady Birthday Bash takes place in Denver, Colorado, on Sunday, February 7th, close to, just one day before, the man of the moment would have chalked up his 84th year.
The occasion, staged in a well-loved and historic drinking haunt called My Brother’s Bar, at 15th and Platte, promises an entertaining mixture of songs and readings and even attendance by members of the Cassady family, including an in-person appearance by the matriarch of the clan.
Resident in London for many years, Carolyn, whose own autobiographical take on these lives and times was provided by her acclaimed 1990 memoir Off the Road: Twenty Years with Cassady, Kerouac and Ginsberg, will join the festivities.
The bar even has clear evidence that Neal Cassady had at least an occasional beer there: a prized and framed note, written from the state reformatory, which asks a friend if he’ll cover a drinks tab he had built up there, is on display. “I believe I owe them 3 or 4 dollars…please drop in and pay it, will you,” it pleads.
Cassady lived life to the full – his hobo instincts delivered extraordinary adventures and also the carnage of relationships de-railed by that constant urge to seek more – and somewhere else. Even he and Kerouac had fall-outs and the powerful kinship they felt in the late 1940s was tarnished by the early 1960s.
But Kerouac believed that Cassady was more than just an untameable livewire and irresponsible hedonist. He saw great qualities in his writing style and claimed to learn from his expression in letters, as electric and loose-limbed as his speech. But little survived the peripatetic rampaging and only The First Third, an autobiographical novella published in 1971 after the author’s death, has really seen the light of the day.
However, the legacy of this larger-than-life figure will be considered and applauded when My Brother’s Bar unveils what promises to be merely the first of a yearly acknowledgement of Cassady’s idiosyncratic contribution to a period of great change in the artistic and political consciousness of the USA.
Two US television shows with little in common beyond the fact that they have made their mark on the viewing public and garnered critical warmth, arrived in Britain this week: the debut series of Edie Falco’s post-Sopranos project Nurse Jackie and the fourth season of the superpowered soap Heroes.
Yet this pair – one a dirty realistic snapshot of life in a New York hospital, sardonic and sassy, the other a post-modern take on the realm of the comic book crusader, flashy and fast-moving – do share an unlikely association: the musical contributions of a couple of one-time Prince sidewomen, Wendy & Lisa.
Nor is it the first time in the last couple of weeks I have noticed their soundtrack credits in a small screen production. I’ve been gently wandering through the boxed sets of the 1930s dustbowl drama Carnivale – a lavishly created and expensive period piece that saw HBO bin it after just two years in 2004 – and who should be the musical maestras but that very same female combination.
Now, it’s some little while since guitarist Wendy Melvoin and pianst Lisa Coleman have been on my radar. I may have seen one on stage at the opening night of Prince’s 31 gigs and at the post-concert bash at the O2 in 2007. But I do remember, for sure, reviewing – and enjoying – one of their early post-Paisley Park forays in 1989.
Fruit at the Bottom had enough class – a taut, wiry folk funk typified by the single ‘Are You My Baby’ – to briefly make an impression on the UK charts but I think the purple shadow cast by their mentor and diminutive giant was a little too over-powering to allow them to truly forge an identity in their own right back then.
Yet, more than two decades on, the collaborative duo have made a definite impression in a field where women composers generally fear to tread – writing for the TV or the movies. Their Hollywood work includes contributions to Toys, the 1992 Robin Williams vehicle, and, three years later, Dangerous Minds, which included Michelle Pfeiffer among the cast.
Most recently, they were involved with the picture Something New (2006), starring Sanaa Lathan, about an African-American woman choosing a career path over romantic entanglement.
Yet there is little question that Wendy & Lisa – who have also in recent years stepped out as the Girl Bros – contributed to the most fertile period in Prince’s career, name-checked on Purple Rain, the album and film that turned the artist from adolescent prodigy into global superstar, and the follow-ups Round the World in a Day and Parade.
However, by 1986, they felt sidelined by their leader’s scheme to expand his band the Revolution and the pair believed their input was being under-valued. A solo, or more accurately dual, career would follow and, even though they have made fleeting links with their former major general in the mean-time, their professional lives have been principally forged in other directions.
Wendy & Lisa have been prolific, too, since then but their background contributions to a string on on-screen ventures have marked them as two of the smartest operators in that field of incidental, opening and end-title music that can help make or break the atmosphere, the vibe, of a filmed drama.
Their 2008 album White Flags of Winter Chimneys was their first official Wendy & Lisa release for around a decade but they appear to have now carved out a comfy niche in that hip gay entourage on the fringes of the LA production hothouse.
The ertswhile Princesses came out this year and featured recently with two other pop icons of that scene, Jon Ginoli, lynchpin of Pansy Division, and ex-Chanticleer Matt Alber, in the prestigious Out 100 ‘Class of 2009′ at out.com. Witness Melvoin and Coleman’s creative energies when you catch BBC2’s Heroes – they wrote a theme for each of the characters – or Nurse Jackie, in the midst of a lightning, twelve-night run on the same channel.